中国のWTO加盟 : 世界的視野から見た位置付け(<特集>中国WTO加盟の衝撃)
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概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
This article attempts to verify the positioning of China's WTO accession from a global perspective through three hypotheses: 1. Hypothesis One: China made a de facto shift to the free economy system of the West and moved away from concentrating on the East Asian growth pattern. China's economic management was drastically shifted toward reform and liberalization in December 1978. After this, China followed the policies of other East Asian countries and caught up with them, joining the low end of the "flying geese" formation of economic development. As a result, the Chinese economy achieved high economic growth. The WTO accession can be considered as a symbol of the result of the Chinese economy's phased shift to the Bretton Woods system, which had been following the Western capitalist economy, and its rise through the East Asian growth pattern. The modern industrial development of China started in 1895 as the result of foreign capital, technology and corporate management. If we take the assumption that the success pattern had already been observed before World War II, the building of the socialist economy by the Communist Party can be viewed as a 30-year detour. In that light, the fact that the Chinese Communist Party rectified its course internally is an interesting point. 2. Second Hypothesis: The presence of China in the international economy had surged to a level that no longer allowed China to remain as a non-member of the WTO. China's total export trade value increased 12.5-fold from 1980 to 2000, while world trade increased only 3.6-fold during the same period. Today, China is the seventh-placed economic giant in the world, both in terms of GDP and trade. Taking a looking at Japan's trade with China, China became the second largest import/export partner for Japan in 2001. China is now the fourth largest trading partner of the U.S. Such growing importance of China in U.S. companies' business activities seemed to be the largest factor behind the U.S. support for China's entry into the WTO. China is also notably increasing its presence in developing countries. These countries have changed into indispensable markets for the Chinese economy and the sense of solidarity with the Third World seems to have relatively weakened. Instead, China's present standing could evoke arguments about its over-presence at some point in the future. 3. Third Hypothesis : By entering the WTO, China gained the foundation for assuming the leadership in the formation of an economic cooperation framework in the East Asian region, and began to make strategic moves. East Asia finally started to work toward regional economic integration, lagging behind other regions of the world. These discussions seem to have suddenly accelerated from the time China's entry into the WTO came into view ; and today, China seems to have begun demonstrating its initiative. China's accession to the WTO has made it technically possible for it to take part in discussions toward the establishment of a free trade agreement based on WTO rules, specifically Article XXIV of GATT. China aims to become a strong, wealthy nation by around 2050. This aim is premised on economic development for which economic ties, particularly with the United States, Japan and other East Asian countries, are indispensable. Thus, China is likely to have embarked on regional integration as its next step after WTO entry, based on this point of view. If this is the case, it would present a question of how Japan should address such developments.
- 島根県立大学の論文