ロシアの政治改革と住民自治 : モスクワ市の自治制度と住民紛争に関する実証研究(第I部 北東アジアの国際関係)
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概要
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As a theme for analyzing contemporary Russian political scene, residential districts, which can be considered bases for daily lives of the people, will be taken up. A residential district in Russia is a district or "raion, " which is a sub-unit of the republic. The movements for reviving Russia seems to be beginning at the district level. The movements are for revitalizing the local community by doing away with the conventional centralized system. In this paper, resident cooperatives created at each apartment level (Tovarischestvo Sobstvannikov zhilija) will be introduced. The resident cooperatives manage apartments, receive reports on items needing repairs and on problem areas, and convey report contents to the housing management organization (Direktaija ininogo zakazchika). The housing management organization conveys requests and proposals by the residents to the district congress (Rainonnce sobranie) and district office (Uprava), as necessary. What should be stressed here is that, during the Soviet years, legislative and administrative organizations on the district level (Soviet) did not provide resident services. The reasons behind this is that, during those days, the apartments at which residents lived were owned and managed by national corporations and problems were reported to those national corporations. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the national corporations were privatized and, at the same time, management of apartments was shifted to the district office. In the contemporary Russian society, especially in City of Moscow, many constructions are being carried out for building apartments. There are conflicts among residents concerning constructions in progress. The residents from the old days are used to quiet environments and they are worried about the noises from construction sites and increases in population. The worries of residents are conveyed to the district office via resident cooperatives but the district office does not listen to the residents' requests. This has brought about conflicts between the residents and administrative organization and the cleavage between the two are intensifying. The active will of residents are oppressed one-sidedly and situations are such that self-governing by the residents may be eroded. In the worst case scenario, there is a danger for the local community to lose vitality. Only strong political power can provide counter-power to expansion of administrative power. In this regard, it would be the revival of politics that would support the self-governing by apartment residents.
- 島根県立大学の論文