出生率低下に関わる経済学的・進化生物学的要因の検討

概要

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The purpose of this study is to describe factors relating recent fertility decline from the standpoint of economics and evolutionary biology. Japan is perhaps the world's most rapidly aging country, with high life expectancy and low fertility rate. Japan's total fertility rate (TFR) in 2005 was 1.25, which is lowest-ever level of fertility. The factors that influence fertility can be broadly divided into two factors : one is socioeconomic factor, and the other is biological factor. To explain the fertility decline, several standard economic theories, such as Leibenstein utility function hypothesis, Becker quality-quantity model, and Easterlin relative income hypothesis, are described. Next, evolutionary biological theories on animal reproductive strategy are presented as one of the alternative explanation of fertility decline. Evolutionarily, human reproductive behavior is interpreted as adaptive strategies which maximize fitness and survival value of Homo sapiens.
武庫川女子大学の論文