Social Security Arrangement in Nepal : Needs and Challenges Ahead
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概要
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This study primarily examines the prevailing social security schemes in Nepal and tries to explore needs and challenges ahead. In Nepal, government initiation for providing social security services was made back in 1930s. Before the installation of multiparty democratic system in 1990, there were only two schemes, namely Employees Provident Fund and Pension covering only government sector employees. Having trifling importance until early 1990s, EPF made significant progress thereafter. It extended coverage to private sector employee and fringed additional schemes that enlarged members' choices and privileges.However, despite the dominant scheme of social security, its coverage is stringently limited and can hardly cover large portion of lower-income people even in near future. Pension scheme operates as a non-contributory plan for employees in government sector and selected institutions. Citizen Investment Trust, a voluntary saving scheme introduced in early 1990s, primarily aims to contribute capital market development by encouraging individuals to mobilize saving in tax-exempted manner. Recently introduced Allowance scheme pays elderly and incapables with small sums of cash benefit. In aggregate, government employees and elderly people are in the center of existing arrangement while integration is lacking among the schemes. Further, notwithstanding the poverty-ridden societies and widening income disparity in Nepal, there is no considerable provision for risk pooling and income redistribution. Similarly, efforts are lacking to bring health services into social security ambit. In effect, existing structure favors those who are relatively in better-off situation. Notably, notwithstanding the noteworthy expansion in recent years, large part of the population remains beyond social security coverage and the system is still in its infancy. Prevailing circumstances of limited coverage, fading out of traditional measures, widening risks and increasing public consciousness on social security have jointly necessitated for the expansion of social security services in the country. Finally, having poor financing capacity of both government and the public, government commitment and the public eagerness to join the system are important for universalizing the coverage in Nepal.
- 大阪産業大学の論文
- 2007-02-28