職業的災害救助者の惨事ストレス調査 : 消防職員を対象として

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In order to adapt critical incident stress care, which was developed for Western countries, to Japanese culture and customs and make it more practical and effective, it is necessary to ascertain the latent vocational personality of fire-fighting personnel in Japan. This requires assessing the opinions of fire-fighting personnel in the field. However, previous surveys have been conducted without clearly explaining the nature of critical incident stress or care. In other words, disaster response professionals have answered questions without knowing the meaning of critical incident stress, and there have been problems with study validity. For the present research, a lecture on critical incidence stress care was held for fire-fighting personnel, and a survey was conducted after confirming that the participants clearly understood the meaning of critical incidence stress care. Therefore, the results of the present survey accurately reflect the reality of critical incidence stress experienced by fire-fighting personnel in Japan. The following results were obtained. 1. While the overwhelming majority of fire-fighting personnel had heard of critical incident stress, not many understood the meaning. 2. Few fire-fighting personnel were aware of their own stress tolerance. The stress sensitivity of the fire fighting personnel was extremely low. Remarkably, the level of self-recognition for fire fighting personnel who constantly deal with stress on the job was lower than that for the general public. 3. Approximately half had experienced critical incident stress in the past, and personnel in their 30s and 40s had most frequently experienced critical incidence stress. 4. Train and traffic accidents were the most common incidents in which fire-fighting personnel experienced critical incident stress; however, since the frequency of being dispatched to these accidents is extremely high, there should be no marked differences in stress experienced in the field. In other words, the incidence of experiencing critical incident stress is high in all types of situations. The results clarified that the major causes of critical incident stress included field experiences, such as "seeing or touching a dead body, " "seeing violent death or major injury, " and "seeing the death of young children or families, " and flashbacks, such as "cannot forget odors, sounds, and scenes, " and "cannot forget the expressions, images, and voices of dead and injured people." 5. Personnel who experienced critical incident stress had some type of residual stress. The strongest symptom was flashbacks, while depressive symptoms, such as depression, were also reported. Common methods for relieving stress included "talking to people, " "exercising and hobbies." 6. Regarding the effects of the lectures and training sessions, while the level of comprehension was high, no clear tendency was observed in the effectiveness of care.
麻布大学の論文

職業的災害救助者の惨事ストレス調査 : 消防職員を対象として

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