教育政策過程分析における「比較」の理論と方法

概要

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The studies of the educational policy process have usually relied on descriptive case studies focusing on single unit. The limitation of those studies is a weakness of causal inference. This paper examines comparative theories and methods on the studies of the educational policy process. As to the policy process theories, subsystem theories and institutional theories are reviewed. Although subsystem theories are widely seen and the various concepts belonging to subsystem are used, those concept function as metaphor or typology, not as causal explanation device in most studies. This paper emphasizes the necessity of the explanatory subsystem concept and introduces the theory which analyzes the relationship between the nature of the subsystem and the policy process. Institutional factor is one of the most important variables in policy process. However, usual case studies are not appropriate to revealing the effect of it because of its time-invariant nature. This paper reviews some theo-ries of comparative political institutions with attention to the location of Japanese political institutions and the consequences of institutions. As to methodology, this paper considers some points of comparative methods. The unit of analysis, the explained variable and the quantitative technique are treated in especial relation to substantive theories.
東京大学の論文
2007-03-10