Deceptive Play by Computer Bridge Program
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概要
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Contract bridge is an imperfect information game. The Monte Carlo simulation is the most popular technique for modern computer bridge programs. The unseen cards are dealt at random, biasing the deal so that it is consistent with the bidding and play thus far. Many deals are generated as samples of Monte Carlo simulation. There are no deals inconsistent with the visible player's own hand. The double dummy result of every move in each deal is evaluated and the best card is selected by averaging over a large number of samples. This paper proposes an algorithm to find a deceptive play that is one of the techniques used by top players. An opponent is modeled as an agent who guesses the player's hand by rule-based knowledge. The deals guessed by the agent may be inconsistent with the player's real hand. The proposed algorithm finds a play line that is the best for the opponent in the deals guessed by the agent and also good enough for the player in the deals consistent with the player's hand. The algorithm is implemented and tested for some typical examples.
- 2002-07-24