<論説>欧州連合(EU)における「サブシディアリティ原則] : 善意の専制主義を超えるもの

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概要

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• The term principle of subsidiarity has been adopted as a basic principle underlying the European Union and is explicitly included in the Treaty on European Union (Preamble, Article B, Article G3b). Its central idea is expressed as "decisions are taken as closely as possible to the citizen" (Article A). In other words, "the Community shall take action only if the objectives be better achieved by the Community" (Art. G3b), the idea of which has always been present in the treaties preceding the one on European Union. Why, then, has the principle been explicitly taken up at this stage of the European integration ? Why is it referred to, particularly after the first Danish referendum in 1992, as if it were deus ex machina appeasing the critics of the actions of the European Community ? The answers may be found in the prevailing conditions of the European integration and the changes such integration brought to the conventional domains of competences of local, national and supranational administration. In an attempt to clarify the concept of subsidiarity, I first explore the usage of the term by the former President of the Commission, Mr. J. Delors, for he may be considered as an ardent advocate of the principle in the Community ; I then examine the two contrasting arguments about the future of the Union in the light of subsidiarity. Concrete examples e.g. the regional policy of the EU, etc., suggest that there is an increasing influence of the EU within both national and local governments. From these studies, I suggest that the Union's competence has expanded since the Single European Act (SEA) to the point where it causes conflicts with the conventional national competences. Furthermore, the EU has now become more visible to ordinary European citizens, who had rarely felt involved in the integration process before, and who have begun to question the relevance of this to their daily lives. It is in order to counter this prevailing attitude that the Commission has emphasized the principle of subsidiarity avoiding the integration by "benign despotism" and working towards "an ever closer union". The Commission has prepared documents discussing the application of the principle. However, the arguments, so far, tend to be defensive and technical. This is perhaps an inevitable consequence of the on-going process of integration with only rather indistinctly defined goals. Yet, despite the ambiguous character of subsidiarity, the principle can clearly be seen as having great potential for developing a new form of democracy. In order to follow and practice the central idea of subsidiarity, the opinions of various groups of citizens must be channeled into the decision making process. Only in this way can the needs of such groups be adequately met and the appropriate level for decision-making be identified that is "as close as possible to the citizen". This may lead to reorganization on a large-scale and greater political empowerment of the citizens of Europe, who would then have greater transnational ties and common interests. Such a structure may gradually evolve into a democracy no longer constrained within a nation state.はじめに　第Ⅰ章 サブシディアリティをめぐる論争　一 ドロール委員長にみるEC委員会における概念の流れ　(1) 一九八八年―「ヨーロッパ型社会」とサブシディアリティ　(2) 一九八九年～一九九一年―共同体の発展とサブシディアリティ　(3) 一九九二年以後―共同体権限とサブシディアリティ　二　二つの解釈―連邦主義とサブシディアリティ　(1) イギリス保守主義の解釈　(2) ドイツ型連邦の解釈　第Ⅱ章　サブシディアリティの要請　一　統合の実態と政策のヨーロッパ化　(1) 地域政策　(2) 適切な行為主体―加盟国か共同体か　二　要請への背景の醸成　三　なぜサブシディアリティか　第Ⅲ章　サブシディアリティの適用と可能性　一　現実的適用のスコープ　二　司法判断の可能性　三　サブシディアリティの可能性　まとめ　付記　サブシディアリティ関連事項年表

• 九州大学の論文

著者

• 八谷 まち子

  九州大学法学部

関連論文

• 欧州統合と欧州裁判所(ECJ) : グローバルデモクラシーの視点から
• 欧州連合(EU)における「サブシディアリティ原則] : 善意の専制主義を超えるもの
• ヨーロッパにおける代議制の危機 : パリ高等政治学院教授 フランス政治研究所長 パスカル・ペリノー

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