18〜19世紀ドイツにおけるエネルギー転換 : 「木材不足」論争に寄せて

概要

論文の詳細を見る
The shift from firewood to coal in Germany has been linked to the shortage of firewood, which grew worse from the second half of the eighteenth century. However, the rapid development of environmental history since the 'oil shocks' of the 1970s has encouraged historians to revise this thesis. Here the author will comment on the two keynote speeches in relation to the 'shortage of firewood' debate. In the first and second sections, we follow Joachim RADKAU's approach in order to show where the debate stands today: The transition to fossil energy proceeded less smoothly in Germany than in England. However, the cause is now thought to be not technical factors, as was previously claimed, but fundamental socio-economic changes summed up as the 'penetration of a new view of nature as an economic resource'. In the third section, we examine the communal forest management of Siegerland in the eighteenth century, comparing it with the case of the Besshi copper mine, and discuss the merits and demerits of the introduction of modern techniques of forest management. In the last section, we use RADKAU's concept of a 'distinctively European path in environmental history' to end with an appeal for a bilateral approach combining global history and regional based total history.
社会経済史学会の論文
2003-03-25