19世紀末イギリスにおける保健行政 : ブライトン市衛生当局の活動を中心として

概要

論文の詳細を見る
It is well-known that, in the mid-nineteenth century, such distinguished central officials as Edwin CHADWICK and John SIMON struggled for public health reform. Then, what happened from the 1870s, after these heroic reformers had disappeared from the forefront of central administration? The late-nineteenth century was the period when the locus of public health reform shifted from central to local government. By the provisions of the Public Health Acts of the 1870s, local councils were designated as 'sanitary authorities' and assigned to deal with public health problems, by employing Medical Officers of Health. This article examines the case of Brighton. Particular attention is paid to the way in which the scope of public health administration was decided through interactions between Brighton Town Council and Arthur NEWSHOLME, its Medical Officer. Under NEWSHOLME's guidance, Brighton Town Council developed systems for dealing with several varieties of patients, not only those with acute infections but also unhealthy children and sufferers from pulmonary tuberculosis. Thus, the scope of public health administration in Brighton was no longer confined, as it had been, to inprovement of the town's general sanitary environment, but extended into the sphere of personal service provision.
社会経済史学会の論文
2002-11-25