Grammatical congruence in Japanese-English insertional code-switching
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概要
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This study concerns grammatical structure in Japanese-English code-switching (CS). The basic premise in the research is that CS is a rule-governed phenomenon. It is not a random alternation of two languages, but some underlying constraints are governing what appears to be random. A study of Japanese-English CS is potentially fruitful because of the typological differences between Japanese and English. How can two languages which are structurally so different be mixed in a sentence? The present paper examines the internal structures of embedded language (EL) materials and explores what rule or principle is applied when insertional CS takes place. The question addressed is what creates congruence between the two languages. The reason congruence is worth exploring is that it seems that a lack of sufficient congruence may explain why certain structures are avoided or are impossible in switching between specific language pairs. Using CS data produced by Japanese children living in the UK, the paper shows that whatever speech categories are switched, the EL materials are treated as nominal and put into the word formation rule of Japanese, the matrix language (ML). It is suggested that it is nominalization that creates congruence between the two languages and that it is sufficient congruence that determines the type of CS as insertional
著者
関連論文
- Japanese-English code-switching in L1 and L2 monolingual modes
- Alternational code-switching in the story-telling narratives of English-Japanese bilingual children
- Grammatical congruence in Japanese-English insertional code-switching
- Code-switching and L1 development in Japanese-speaking children living in an L2 dominant environment
- Code-switching and language dominance in Japanese-English bilingual children
- Japanese morpheme classification using the 4-M model