オートメーションと生産様式の移行 : 世界経済における中小零細企業の進化(経済の進化と経済学,共同研究)
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概要
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According to Marxist economic theory, the social system which follows on from capitalist production methods is nothing other than socialist production methods that follow a single path. This assertion is based on a view of socioeconomic history as a series of distinct stages defined by successive improvements in the quality of the means of labor, and also on an analysis of improvements in the means of labor with respect to correctness of natural science. Whereas the fundamental basis of capitalist production methods is heavy industry (i.e., machinery), the technological basis of socialist production methods is automation. Empirical analyses of automation have traditionally been skewed towards monopolistic enterprises, but this is no longer adequate: we now need to consider small through to medium-sized businesses as well. Marx, Hilferding, and Lenin forecast the decline of small business and maintained that only the largest enterprises would be competitive enough to survive. Although Lenin, having experienced the process of economic rebuilding after the revolution, did understand the importance of smaller enterprises, he did not seek to promote the autonomous growth of smaller enterprises but simply to link them to the primary objective of building massive enterprises. By the early 1960's, however, it was clear that small business had not died away, and researchers began looking for reasons to explain growth in craft industries and elsewhere. We are now seeing a worldwide shift from large-scale to small-scale production. This can be attributed to the following five factors: (1) More recycling of metals in response to rising inventory of materials such as iron; (2) The worldwide trend towards deregulation; (3) Increasingly diverse and specific market demands; (4) Labor for mass production supplied through craft production; and (5) The trend towards smaller means of labor through ME and the like. Networking could be the means by which small enterprises can use existing production methods to compete with larger enterprises. Networking can improve production capacity using existing transportation and communication technology. If it in turn contributes to regional economic growth, networking has the potential to become the dominant approach in future. Thus, the focus of an analysis of automation-the fundamental basis of the socialist production approach-is shifting from monopolistic enterprises to small and medium-sized enterprises.
- 日本大学の論文
- 2001-03-25