中国の教員の給与制度について : その歴史的変遷(市場経済と計画経済,総合研究)
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概要
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As a result of the reform and open policies of the Chinese Government, particularly the 'Socialist Market Economy' policies introduced in the early 1990s, delays and nonpayment of schoolteachers' wages have become increasingly common in China. This paper explores the background to this situation by looking at how teacher wage systems have changed since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Initially, teachers' wages were linked to the workplace, a system used in many other professions, but this created disparities between regions. By the middle of the 1950s, a single national wage structure was in place, together with a system for cash payment. This arrangement was maintained in essentially the same form until after the Cultural Revolution. In 1980, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party announced that schoolteacher wages were the lowest of any profession in the country and ordered an increase. A 'structured wage system' based on salary ranking by profession was introduced in 1985, and provided for a basic wage plus allowances. As inflation continued rising, however, the portion of the allowance grew unchecked and was soon larger than the basic wage. Some regions found themselves unable to pay the allowances, and this contributed to delays and non-payment of wages. In 1993, wage levels were increased and a salary ranking system was introduced, together with a screening system for promotions. However, overall wage levels for teachers and teaching staff are still very poor, ranking twelfth among the sixteen industry classifications used in the national economy.
- 1999-03-31