日本の輸入関税の資源配分効果 : 数量的一般均衡分析(経済発展と国際経済秩序・資源配分の観点からの歴史的評価と今日的課題,共同研究)
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概要
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In this paper, we attempt to quantify general equilibrium consequences of Japan's import taxes. To this end, we first construct a computable general equilibrium model of the Japanese economy, taking into account not only import taxes but also domestic indirect taxes and subsidies. We then use the model to calculate the competitive equilibrium under different schemes of import and indirect taxation. By comparing equilibria under different tax schemes, we can identify the effect of import and indirect taxes on resource allocation. We thus have numerical measures of the degrees of protection given to individual industries. We carry this exercise out for each year between 1970 and 1993, and this enables us to trace how the pattern of protection changed over time. This study complements and generalizes our earlier study of Japan's import tax policy by means of effective protection indices. In our present study, we are able to capture the full general equilibrium effects including changes in resource allocation, while in earlier effective protection analyses, only the effects of price changes across industries are incorporated, not the effects of resource movement across industries. Our exercise reveals that Japan's import taxes favored primary industries, light manufacturing, and nontraded goods, but treated other manufacturing unfavorably. While import taxes had only a small impact on the wage-rental ratio, they affected workers adversely if any. Import taxes worked in favor of the sectors with high capital intensity and high degrees of tradability (i.e., high export-output and/or import-output ratios). Degrees of protection, when measured by changes in value-added, are found to be correlated with import tax rates, but the correlation is limited and not stable over time. Indirect taxes are revealed to have worked against capital intensive industries. On the other hand, there is no systematic relation between tradability and the degree of protection given by indirect taxes. In terms of the size of the effect on resource allocation, indirect taxes far dominate import taxes.
- 日本大学の論文
- 1998-03-25
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関連論文
- 日本の輸入関税の資源配分効果 : 数量的一般均衡分析(経済発展と国際経済秩序・資源配分の観点からの歴史的評価と今日的課題,共同研究)
- 『日本の輸入関税の資源配分効果』--数量的一般均衡分析 (経済発展と国際経済秩序・資源配分の観点からの歴史的評価と今日的課題)
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