戦前期結城織物業の生産構造 : 伝統産業の視角から(「1920年代日本資本主義の再生産構造」研究の意義,共同研究)
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概要
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The "Yuki" textile industry had to experienced the industrial revolution like other textile manufacturing industries in the Meiji Period. Manufacturing region such as Fukui, Kanazawa, and Kawamata developed into large scale industry by overcoming problems of limited techniques, which are characteristic of the handicraft. On the other hand, "Yuki" concentrated on and developed a manual technique called "Tetsumugi" (spinned silk thread) or "Izari" loom which, as a traditional industry, was juxtaposed against large scale industry. Capitalism developed into monopoly capitalism and then into state monopoly capitalism, and, presently, the heavy chemical industry is the pivot of the industrial structure. Yet, the "Yuki" textile has continued to be produced in the traditional industry. This article aims to clarify the manufacturing structure of the "Yuki" textile industry during the pre World War II period in terms of traditional industry. Traditional industry succeeded in avoiding competition with imported goods or mass-produced goods, since its products are final consumption goods and at the same time luxuries (market structure). Also, wholesalers, which were pre-modern commercid capital, directly enrolled producers as commission agents for this domestie industry, and thus preserved old relation of production. I would like to examine "Yuki" textiles in terms of their existence in traditional industry. 1) Considering the transition of production, the predominant factors of this industry in the pre-war period were trade cycles, wars, and harvests. The big change in production was the alteration of market structure, which was caused by a demand decrease due to progressive westernization of clothing from the late 1920's to the early 1930's. 2) "Yuki" textile was used in both "Tsumugi" and cotton products. Cotton, which is not only for final consumption goods but also for ordinary and utility goods, had to compete with large scale industries, and declined around 1906-1920. With respect to the various types of "Tsumugi", the main stream shifted from striped or unfigured plain fabrics, which had been produced since the Edo Era, to splashed patterns and crepe during the 1930's. 3) During the latter half of the 19th century, there were two centers of "Yuki-tsumugi", Kinu-mura in Tochigi prefecture and Yuki-machi and Kinugawa-mura in Ibaraki prefecture. During 1906-20, cotton producing regions began to join in, and in the 1920's, one of them, Sekimoto-machi, became the third center of the "Yuki" textile industry. 4) The production process of "Yuki-tsumugi" became complicated due to the shift to splashed patterns and cotton crepe during the 1930's, and the weaving preparation process was laborious for weavers. "Yuki-tsumugi" production developed the social division of labor, maintaining domestic industry system. 5) "Yuki-tsumugis" were made by farming families owning only one loom, as their side business. "Yuki-tsumugi" production was isolated and decentralized production by farming families, which was characterized by petty farming and low productivity. 6) The producers of "Yuki-tsumugi" were poor farmers, who were short of funds to buy raw materials and to sell directly consumers in cities. It resulted in commission agent, domestic industry system which was controlled by advance payment and corner by wholesalers in the manufacturing region. Through the pre-war period, this old relation of production never changed. The "Yuki" textile industry continued, basically keeping the existing terms of a traditional industry in spite of several changes in the market structure throughout the prewar period.
- 1986-03-20
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関連論文
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