中小小売業における経営能力の形成(中小小売業に対する政策提案,共同研究)

概要

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The situation facing small business (more specifically medium and small retailers) has become severe in the recent years. What is more, people who are likely to become unemployed can no longer resort to this type of business. Prosperous small business are making business efforts suitable to their scale. By contributing to convenience and benefit to the daily life of the citizens and participating in the cultural life of the country, these retailers are supporting Japan's social vitality at the regional levels. Therefore, in order to maintain this social vitality, it is necessary to encourage the entry of people who desire such into new business ventures without allowing small business to become a victim to the harsh economic environment. In consideration of this state of affairs and the barriers of entry still seen at present, I would like to examine significance as to how small businessmen view business capabilities and as to the job in which they were engaged previously. In contrast to big business, the function of small business is not just restricted to decisions of strategy but also involves practical responsibilities. In general, the view of business capability also stresses the way business is conducted on an everyday basis. However, young people with higher education tend to take a perspective view on business that does not consider everyday aspect. This tendency seems particularly prevalent among those who have a high increase in sales ratios. They appear to see a strong relationship between business capability and business results. However, what is common to all shopkeepers with high increases in turnover is the attitude that such success is not simply due to sales skills through past job experiences, but results from learning how to live as a tradesman. This implies a close identification with their area and a social responsibility to the people therein. In the main, those who run small shops are independent owners. In this case, whether they succeed or not depends on how well they have mastered the business through past job experiences. Looked at in this light, prior experiences contribute to the basic preparation for a business undertaking. This can be referred to as "Basic Business Training" and can be divided into the formation of skills and the formation of attitudes towards value. The more basic is the former and this trarining can be obtained to allow for future independence. However, when consideration is given to the means by which small business can contribute to maintain social vitality at the regional levels, skills alone do not suffice. A business ideology must be established based on a clear attitude towards values. So this form of training is of increasing importance. At peesent, while the prevailing approach to the development of abilities for employees of small enterprises is the O. J. T. method which is available in-house, there are also many cases where outside agencies are used. Notwithstanding the variety of courses offered by the latter however, whether they be public institutions or private specialists, they focused on providing future business successors, and their curricula are biased to the development of skills. In the future, in order to further the aims of those who wish to become independent, the reinforcing of the education process within enterprises and courses for young employees should be available at outside instiutions, and curricula improved to assist participants in developing a system of values.
日本大学の論文
1984-03-20

著者

大森暢之
東京学芸大学教育学部

中小小売業における経営能力の形成(中小小売業に対する政策提案,共同研究)

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