トラック輸送産業の現状と課題(公企業とその学際的アプローチ-行・財政・経営・会計分野-,共同研究)
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概要
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1. The Japanese trucking industry has made rapid growth, together with the development of the Japanese economy, since 1955. During the period of recession after 1974, there was some decrease in the growth of the trucking market. It must be noted, however, that there were no such large business recessions in the 1950's. Overall, the trucking industry may be said to have had comparatively good luck and favorable conditions. It must also be noted, however, that internally the industry is not as prosperous as it may look. The weak points include the small scale of most enterprises and the weakness of the management base. In addition to these, there has been a heated competition between old and new companies. Fuel for the trucks is expensive; roads are often jammed with traffic, and the problem of environmental pollution from trucks and cars is often talked about. The industry is required to respond properly to all of these. 2. It may be said that the Japanese trucking industry is affected by the Chamberlintype exclusive competition. As you know, a trucking business can be set up by anybody who obtains a license from the authorities in accordance with the Road Transportation Act. Therefore, many people assume that the related market structure is not competitive at all. If one looks at the inside of the industry, one can quickly see that many companies including newcomers are in desperate competition with each other. In addition to these, it is informative to know how trucking firms deal with their customers. While they try hard to compete with others in the same trade at agreed prices on the one hand, they are also competing hard to acquire new customers by dumping or offering new methods of service. 3. As mentioned above, it may be said that trucking is generally characterized by monopolistic competition. Due to this monopolistic competition, differentials are caused by industry and size of firm. While the management of large enterprises is stable, that of small- and medium-sized enterprises is not. It seems more appropriate, therefore, to conclude that the gap in management capability is caused by differentials in market adaptability and this affects transport efficiency itself. Accordingly, it may be said that it is important to stabilize management by offering efficient transport adaptable to different markets. 4. As stated previously, competition within the trucking industry is much more severe than one might think it is, and small- and medium-sized enterprises are not necessarily enjoying profitable business. In addition, there are many problems involved. They include environmental pollution, work forece, fuel problems and expense. So long as those truckers who are not yet efficient take a forward-looking attitude to achieve efficient deliveries of goods, we must support and warmly encourage them, so that the efficiency of the trucking industry as a whole, as well as its social image and service offered, can improve.
- 1982-03-20