超重質油・非在来型原油のアップグレーディング技術(<総説特集>重質油-限りある石油資源の有効利用を目指して-)

概要

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Due to recent crude oil price hike, the increasing energy consumption by BRICs with remarkable economic growth and the trend towards heavier crude in middle eastern production, the recent wide price difference between light and heavy crudes put the necessity of heavy oil upgrading as a key issue. About 90% of imported crude of Japan is from middle east. Relatively lighter crudes have been processed by Residue Hydrodesufurization and Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracking to reduce the bottom fraction. But as clearly noticed the less demand for bunker C oil, the conversion of bottom fraction to lighter distillates is required more to maximize the utilization of the imported crudes. The technical countermeasure must be taken to cope with the heavier crude for the future. This report reviews the limitation and problems when processing extra heavy oil or unconventional crude by present refining technologies such as carbon rejection and hydrogen addition types. The former produces larger amount of coke, residue and asphaltenes, the latter faces more the catalyst deactivation and interrupted plant operation by the fouling of units resulted from the sediment formation. The status of processing schemes in Canada and Venezuela and some of newly developed upgrading technologies such as slurry bed are also introduced.
一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会の論文
2006-04-20