New Zealand's Nonlichenised Fungi-Where They Came from, Who Collected Them, Where They Are Now(Part One Collection Building)
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概要
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About 6,500 species of nonlichenised fungi have been reported from New Zealand. About 4,500 of these are indigenous and 2,000 exotic. Most of the exotic species have been accidentally introduced over the last 200 years. The exotic species are largely restricted to human habitats, although examples of two well-known species which have become widely naturalised are discussed. It is estimated that approximately 15,000 indigenous species remain to be discovered, described, and named. Of those which are known, about half are endemic. The origins of the indigenous species are diverse, some being an ancient component of New Zealand's biota, derived from Gondwana, others are local endemics which evolved following New Zealand's separation from Gondwana, and others are geologically recent introductions through natural long distance dispersal. The scientific collecting of New Zealand's fungi started with European colonisation in the mid-1800's, but it was not until the 1920's, with the appointment of New Zealand's first resident mycologist, that systematic studies of targeted groups of fungi were initiated. The New Zealand Fungal Herbarium (PDD) was established at the same time. PDD is now the largest collection of New Zealand fungi in the world. The collection contains about 80,000 specimens, about two-thirds of these from New Zealand, including 2,000 type specimens. PDD also contains a large number of voucher specimens validating disease records from the Pacific Islands. Associated with the herbarium is the ICMP culture collection, established during the 1960's. Both collections are fully databased. The NZFungi database contains records of all names used for fungi in a New Zealand context, publication details of those names, the specimens, cultures and literature records supporting the use of those names in New Zealand, and synonymy with an indication of the current preferred name. It also contains descriptions and images of many of these fungi. In this paper data is extracted from NZFungi to illustrate the numbers of fungi that have been described from New Zealand historically, the people making those descriptions, the places that collections of the fungi have been stored, and the kinds of fungi that have been targeted for research.
- 国立科学博物館の論文