「金の子牛」の定形句

概要

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The phrase, "These are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt," appears two times in the story of the golden calf (Ex. xxxii 4, 8). It also appears in the report on Jeroboam's making of the two golden calves in Bethel and Dan (I King xii 28), and again in Ezra's penitential prayer on Israel's apostasy of making the golden calf in the wilderness (Neh ix 18). These phrases are almost the same in their forms, are closely connected with the golden calf and appear in the different contexts. So we may pretty rightly accept them as a definite formula. This article aims to investigate the form, nature and origin of this formula. My conclusions are as follows: 1) The formula should be emended to a singular form. 2) This formula was originally the liturgical cry of the priests at the climax of the feast in Bethel sanctuary. It was uttered when the golden calf, Yahweh's symbol, was introduced and carried in the holy procession. 3) The formula was contained in the aetiological tradition of the golden calf which surely praised and blessed the making of the golden calf and which was perhaps a part of E-sources. 4) This tradition was changed into the story which strongly accused the making of the golden calf by J and D. We now have this story in Ex xxxii. The formula in Neh was taken from here. 5) The formula in I King may have come directly from the memory of Bethel feast or from the aetiological story.
1975-09-01