Unification of Cosmology and the Second Law of Thermodynamics : Proposal for Solving the Cosmological Constant and Inflation Problems(Particles and Fields)

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概要

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• We seek to unify the second law of thermodynamics with other physical laws, or, at least to find a law underlying the second law of thermodynamics. Assuming no fine tuning, using a random Hamiltonian, we argue just from the equations of motion - without the second law - that entropy cannot first increase and then decrease except with the rather strict restriction S_<large> ≤ S_<small1> + S_<small2> Here S_<large> is the "large" entropy in the intermidiate era, while S_<small1> and S_<small2>. are the entropies at certain times before and after the S_<large> era. From this theorem asserting that there can exist no strong maximum for the entropy, we argue that an S^1 cyclic time model world could have entropy that varies by at most a factor of two and would not be phenomenologically realistic. With an open ended time axis (-∞, ∞) = R, some law underlying the second law of thermodynamics is needed if the entropy is not maximal (i.e. that heat death having y occurred at the start). We derive such a law behind the second law - or a unification of the second law with other laws - by assigning a probability weight P for finding the world/system in various places in phase space. In such a model, P is almost unified with the rest as P = exp(-2S_<Im>) with S_<Im> being the imaginary part of the action. We quite naturally derive the second law for practical purposes, a Big Bang with two-sided time directions, and find that there is a need for a Hamiltonian density with a well-defined bottom. Assuming that the cosmological constant is a dynamical variable in the sense that it is counted as on "initial condition", we even solve in our model the cosmological constant problem without using the anthropic principle.

• 理論物理学刊行会の論文
• 2006-11-25

著者

• Nielsen Holger

  Niels Bohr Inst. Copenhagen Dnk

• Ninomiya Masao

  Yukawa Institute For Theoretical Physics Kyoto University

• Nielsen Holger

  Niels Bohr Institute

• NIELSEN Holger

  Niels Bohr Institute, University Copenhagen

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• Dirac Sea for Bosons. I : Formulation of Negative Energy Sea for Bosons(Particles and Fields)
• Dirac Sea for Bosons. II : Study of the Naive Vacuum Theory for the Toy Model World Prior to Filling the Negative Energy Sea(Particles and Fields)
• Preface(Frontiers of Quantum Physics)
• Unification of Cosmology and the Second Law of Thermodynamics : Proposal for Solving the Cosmological Constant and Inflation Problems(Particles and Fields)
• Cyclic Universe a la String Theory(Frontiers of Quantum Physics)
• Dirac Sea for Bosons Also and SUSY for Single Particles(Frontiers of Quantum Physics)
• Automatic Hermiticity
• Formulation of Complex Action Theory(General and Mathematical Physics)
• Dirac Sea for Bosons. II : Study of the Naive Vacuum Theory for the Toy Model World Prior to Filling the Negative Energy Sea(Particles and Fields)

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