国連と専門機閑の関係の改革
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概要
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I) This paper aims to analyze the reform of the relationship between the United Nations (the UN) and the Specialized Agencies, from the viewpoint of the centralization or the decentralization. The UN, especially the Economic Social Council (ECOSOC) intends to centralize the activity and the policy of all the UN's agencies including the Specialized Agencies. On the contrary, lots of the Specialized Agencies have been established to meet with the demands for the various and the subdivided problems in the international society. This paper approaches two sides: first the centralization by the principal organs of the UN, second the relationship between the UN and the Bretton Woods (BW) Agencies such as the International Monetary Funds (IMF), the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) and so on. II) The centralization by the UN is proceeding in the following three points. First, the revitalization of ECOSOC contributes to centralize the UN Agencies. Secondly, the International Civil Service Commission endaevours to unify the regime of international civil service such as a series of management seminars for the staff. Thirdly, the Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis established in the UN's Secretariat to uniformalize and straighten various information, III) The relationship between the BW Agencies and the UN is analyzed on following four points. 1) The agreements between the BW Agencies and the UN indicates that they are on equal terms. 2) The ability of the UN such as the Administrative Committee on Co-ordination and ECOSOC to co-ordinate all the agencies should be strengthened. 3) Because of being blamed their Structual Adjustment Policy, the BW Agencies change their policy to be close to that of the UN such as UNDP, UNICEF and UNFPA. 4) The Grobal Environment Facility (GEF) established by the World Bank, UNDP and UNEP. The three agencies co-operate to manage funds for the environmental activities. IV) The two points are concluded. First, the UN especially ECOSOC endeavour to centralize all the UN's agencies. Secondly, the relationship between the BW Agencies and the UN are in good co-operative terms. But it does not mean they are centralized. In the study of the centralization, however, we have to take the following points into consideration. First, the centralization is not always the best way. Secondly, there are various levels in centralization and decentralization, for one measure may include centralizing phase and decentralizing phase.
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