Concepts of cell transplantation for spinal cord injury : a short overview

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In this short overview, I want to focus on two different standpoints in terms of cell transplantation therapy for spinal cord regeneration. In general, cell transplantation is performed with the purpose to supply new tissue components to the lesion. In spinal cord injury, cell transplantation has been performed to supply new neurons or glial cells including Schwann cells into the lesion. During a study on the transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the spinal cord, we noted that transplanted bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were not integrated into the spinal cord tissue, but disappeared from the spinal cord within 3-4 weeks after transplantation, whereas, the effects of BMSCs were remarkable in terms of the tissue repair as well as behavioral recovery. In vitro studies have shown that BMSCs secrete trophic substances into the culture medium, facilitating the survival of neurons and extension of neurites. It was suggested that transplanted BMSCs exerted their effects by releasing trophic factors into the cerebrospinal fluid, which probably rescued neurons and glial cells in the lesion from degeneration. The volume of cavities in the spinal cord was much smaller, and surviving axonal density was much higher than in the control spinal cord. The behavioral recovery was distinct as compared with the control. These in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that BMSCs exert their effects by releasing some trophic factors that can be conveyed through the cerebrospinal fluid to the injured tissue. These studies show a new concept of cell transplantation differing from the traditional one which has historically held that the transplanted cells should be incorporated into, and/or differentiate into, the relevant cells within the lesion
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Concepts of cell transplantation for spinal cord injury : a short overview

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