イスラーム法における家族計画の位置 : エジプトの経験
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概要
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People of the Islamic world including Egyptians protested strongly against ICPD held at Cairo in 1994. The chief reason behind the protest is due to the belief that Islamic Law is closely related to the formation of the cultural and social tradition in the Muslim society of the Middle East which does not allow abortion and pre/extra marital relationship. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze Family Planning according to the Islamic Law point of view and the way of its achievement based on its social and cultural aspects. According to A. R. Omran, family planning means planning parenthood and the use of contraceptive methods. He considers that the purpose of family planning is to maintain a just society and make it prosperous. In the Quran, the basis of Islamic Law, there are no verses which prohibit family planning. But it is against killing. This is the most crucial issue debated by opponents and proponents on family planning. The opponents insist that family planning is infanticide or infant killing which is a great sin. They prohibit contraception on this basis. The proponents do not consider contraception as infanticide. The Fatwa in the 20th century does not prohibit family planning. In the Fatwa of 1937, early abortion for health and economic reasons was not prohibited. Under its legal interpretation, coitus interruptus, the modern contraceptive, was allowed. In Islamic Law, planning parenthood is a choice of the individual couple based on their lifestyle. Therefore, it is in accordance with the Islamic Community rules and regulations and Tawhid. People resisted against ICPD because they feared that pre/extra marital relationship would destroy the present standard of family life and ultimately lead to the collapse of the Islamic Community itself. The interpretation of Islamic Law concerning family planning and abortion reflects the Islamic sense of values and point of view which in turn, underlines the sense of humanity in the root of their way of life. First, the interpretation is taken from the teachings of Tawhid. People have their own nature and ability which must be entirely put to use in the management of their lives. Secondly, people have to exert their own efforts to construct a just Islamic Community. In their daily lives, people act in conformity not only with their ideology, but also with their mentality cultivated culturally, historically, and traditionally. Their reaction to global issues is similarly based. Thirdly, in the Islamic Culture, the relationship between the person and the community or the world is important. The Islamic Culture has the characteristic of being inclusive. The Islamic Character itself is clearly reflected in the private and public features, the thought, and the institutions of the Islamic World. It is said theologians' opinions were considered "masraha" in the interpretation of population probrems. In the Islamic Community, based on the Islamic viewpoint, the principle of symbiosis resulted from the entity of human beings and the concept of Justice is found functioning. According to EDHS, 47. 1 percent of the married women practice contraception for economic reasons chiefly. Actual family planning relates to people's mentality naturally, such as women recognizing marriage and child delivery and to the perception of the role of Man and Woman derived from their innate tendencies and their character dispositions.
- 日本中東学会の論文
- 1997-03-31