経営学論集からみた日本経営学

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This paper intends to trace the development of business management studies in Japan and to point out some trends and characteristics of its development through a review of all research papers printed in the annuals of the Japan Society of Business Administration (JSBA), established in 1926. The first yearbook was published in 1927 and the most recent, 66th volume in 1996. This paper shows that most papers, from the first to the most recent yearbook, have been devoted to discussing practical problems that Japanese business enterprises face. All the papers printed in the yearbooks have been checked from several viewpoints. For instance, what kind of industries, what size of business, and what kind of field in business enterprise have been discussed most frequently? Which approaches have been adopted? Are they empirical or not? First, this review points out that "star" industries were largely discussed in earlier papers. For example, textile, retail, and agriculture businesses were main subjects prior to WW II; coal mining, steel milling, and chemicals industries were prominent after the war; and automobile, bank, and non-profit organizations have been most frequently chosen for study in recent years. Small business is not discussed much, yet some papers refer to the small size of business. Also noteworthy is the fact that there have been several papers recently which deal with venture business or venture capital. Before and during WW II, the internal areas of business enterprise such as organization, personnel management, and production management were not discussed while external functions such as corporate finance, distribution and export were discussed. Themes especially referred to the relations between business enterprise and the market. After WW II, papers printed in the JSBA yearbooks gradually moved from an external to an internal focus according to the practical needs of Japanese businesses which were then heavily influenced by American management theories. There were many papers concerning organization, management, staffing, controlling, etc. in the 1950's. The 1960's saw an increasing amount of time devoted to external areas of business, including marketing, social responsibility, government relations, and so on. This paper suggests that from the 1960's until the first half of the 1970's, management studies in Japan not only dealt with traditional areas of external relations (although there were many new and remodeled problems in these areas), but at the same time also worked with new areas of internal problems in business. Then, management studies in Japan reached a new stage in their development. In the 1980's and through the first half of this decade, key words in Japanese management studies have been the following: strategy, globalization, Japanese-style management, corporate culture, and reengineering. From the viewpoint of these key words in management studies, management studies in Japan renewed substantially in those days. Finally, this paper submits that before WW II the major part of management studies in Japan took an economics approach. Therefore, such studies looked at the relations between businesses and the market. But after WW II, management studies in Japan came to use a different approach under the influence of American management studies. In the 1950's and the first half of the 1960's management studies in Japan took a variety of approaches such as sociology, psychology, or anthropology. Today, management studies as a whole use a variety of approaches to discuss or to analyze practical management problems, though this does not mean that a single Japanese researcher can take multiple approaches at the same time. However, recently empirical studies have increased in Japan. Before WW II, many papers printed in yearbooks were based on empirical studies, for example the analysis of answers to questionnaires. But, during WW II and immediately thereafter, such studies declined.
日本経営学会の論文
1997-04-10

経営学論集からみた日本経営学

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