二重性の管理とスイッチング : 個人レベルの観点から
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概要
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Continuity and change exhibit a duality in both individual and organizational life. We mean, by duality, that organization must have attributes that simultaneously contradictory. One attribute without the other leads to decline. Much of the organizational literature has suggested that the essence of organizational process management involves this duality. Each of continuity and change is related to fundamentally different types of processes, which are control-oriented processes and exploration-oriented processes. Most prior work in this area suggests that these two fundamentally distinct processes are antithetical. These work insist that the pursuit of one is assumed to exclude the pursuit of the other. However, there is a growing understanding that survival of organization will increasingly depend on the capacity to balance or integrate these two processes. This paper focuses on Duality Management at individual level and suggests that the simultaneous pursuit of two processes can be achieved by switching cognitive gears. By drawing on concepts from the related theories concerning stress and human adaptation, we also suggest that the possibility of switching at individual level is increased under conditions of moderate level of tension or arousal. Moreover, relations between such a state of constructive tension at individual level and organizational change are considered. Building on these foundations, we discuss the implications of the role of organization for the duality to coexist.
- 2005-03-20