企業組織における『合理性』についての一考察
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概要
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Recently the term 'rationality' has had negative impressions in the field of management study. I think, however, social legitimation is given to organizations under the framework of Capitalism, only after they have some results for their goals considered to be useful for us. Thus it can be said that firms always act under the influence of rationality. This paper tries to analyze organizational rationality in firms using works from organization theory. In this paper, I regard, first the concept of rationality in traditional management theory as of formal organization, which can be called 'complete rationality model'; second the concept of rationality in Barnard-Simon theory as such in consideration of interaction between formal and informal organization, which can be called 'bounded rationality model'; third the concept of rationality in contingency theory as such in consideration of interaction between organizations and environments, which can be called 'organizational rationality model'. Among them, I think, the third model might have the biggest effect on analyzing firms since 1970, and then I analyze the movement of Japanese and American firms using it. The organizational rationality model seems to be based on 'Organizations in Action' by Thompson [1967]. There, he notes that organizational rationality involves three major component activities: input activities, technological activities, and output activities. And he argues that under norms of rationality organizations seek to seal off their core technologies from environmental influences. And then he regards the administrative process in such model as a process spanning and linking three organizational levels: technical, managerial, and institutional. As a result, I point out that lately (especially since 1990) both Japanese and American firms are apt to overestimate matters at technical level, and suggest that it is necessary to review firms from the broader perspective which encompasses matters at institutional and managerial levels.
- 日本経営学会の論文
- 1998-03-10