LNG FPSO(浮遊式生産貯蔵出荷システム)のケーススタディ(<総説特集>LNG上流開発-リスクと対応の最前線-)

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Natural gas has more difficulties rather than crude in transportation and marketing due to its nature of being gas phase in atmospheric condition. For deep water exploration, recently exceeding 3,000m and development 2,300m mean requirement of huge CAPEX. LNG is commonly applied to gas fields need to ship products for a certain long distance but billions dollars investment is required for LNG liquefaction plant scheme. Therefore offshore natural gas having marginal reserves has been suffered from "trilemma" and has called "stranded gas". It is crucial for stake holders to develop stranded gas occupied significantly reserves in the world in cost effectively manner because of gas demand climb-up and green house gas reduction. LNG FPSO is one of the systems considered to be able to develop stranded gas by cutting out pipeline CAPEX. In 1990, several consortiums have studied the system and some operators have conducted engineering study as an option for their own gas fields. LNG FPSO has not yet materialized until now but those studies resulted in feasibility of LNG FPSO. JOGMEC, INPEX and Mitsubishi Corp. challenged scale up engineering study toward LNG FPSO with 5.0 MMtpa liquefaction capacity in South-East Asia and/or Oceania offshore condition. The designed LNG FPSO with external turret mooring system has enough LNG and by-product storage capacity and liquefaction capacity. We assumed Dual Mixed Refrigerant process for LNG liquefaction because the process enables the main cryogenic heat exchanger smaller than conventional. The LNG FPSO has been evaluated to be stable even if the storm condition and to be able to be operated at 100% availability due to its huge size and stability. The American Bureau of Shipping awarded the "Approval in Principle" for its safety design. We also estimated CAPEX and OPEX of the LNG FPSO and found its feasibility. It was concluded the LNG FPSO is feasible in both technical and economical aspects. Even though many have reported its feasibility there is no LNG floater in offshore worldwide. There will be next steps to overcome to a real FPSO that the reliability of LNG production and delivery, and safety are guaranteed. The costs reduction is, of course, controversial issues. In order to install LNG FPSO offshore some brand new business model may be essential, such as an LNG FPSO alliance to cover the reliability each others.
一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会の論文
2006-10-20

LNG FPSO(浮遊式生産貯蔵出荷システム)のケーススタディ(<総説特集>LNG上流開発-リスクと対応の最前線-)

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