カンボジア、アンコール地域における灰釉陶器の生産 : タニ、アンロン・トム、ソサイ窯跡資料の比較研究(第1部:東南アジア産施釉陶磁器の生産技術と編年,<特集>東南アジアの土器と施釉陶磁器)
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概要
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So far, at least 5 ancient kilns-Anglong Thorn, Sar Sei, Khnnar For, Bakaong, and Tani-are known to be distributed in the Angkor region in Cambodia. These kilns produced ash-glazed stoneware or unglazed stoneware. No kiln producing black glazed stoneware is known in the Angkor region. Recently, two new kilns (the Tuk Leak and Kantot kilns) have been found, though details of these kilns are uncertain. All of the known ancient kilns in the Angkor region are located in the east side of this area. Throughout the Angkor period, most of the large stone monuments and earthen works were constructed mainly at the east side of the Angkor area. It can be said that the east side of Angkor was more highly developed than the west and therefore wares for daily use and ceremonial ware or roof tiles for temples, were in demand. It appears as though the distribution of the kilns reflected the land development and demand for ceramics in the Angkor period. Typological study of the artifacts from the Tani kilns shows that they can be roughly divided into six large categories, namely covered boxes, bowls, jars, bottles, roof tiles, and kiln tools. The same categories are observed in the other kilns, namely the Sar Sei, and Anglong Thorn kilns. Moreover, in the case of Tani, each of these categories is subdivided into several types. A total of 63 types are identified; 19 types in covered boxes, 7 types in bowls, 15 types in jars, 6 types in bottles, 8 types in roof tiles, and 8 types in kiln tools. Clay is roughly divided into whitish clay and reddish clay, and the type of clay seems to correspond to the type of glaze. Whitish clay is applied for only ash-glazed wares and reddish clay is selected for unglazed wares. For shaping, at least five different techniques are recognized, and four composition principles of decoration have been identified. Furthermore, a uniqueness in stacking techniques is observed. The Tani kilns are characterized by distinctive techniques for stacking. Four different stacking techniques show the peculiarity of the Khmer stoneware ceramics. Compared with the stoneware making techniques used in the Tani and Anglong Thorn kilns, clear differences are observed. However, judging from the technical analysis of the artifacts of the Sar Sei kiln, the stoneware making techniques of Sar Sei have a similarity both to Tani and Anglong Thorn. This type of dissimilarity and similarity lead us to the hypothesis that there were at least 2 different technical groups in the Angkor area, and one group (the Anglong Thorn technique) gradually changed to the other (the Tani technique).
- 2005-12-27