カナダの大学における平和学講座
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概要
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Peace studies programs in Canadian universities have made remarkable progress during the past two decades, building on the rapid development of courses which began in the 1970s. This paper introduces the present situation of peace studies in leading Canadian universities, with emphasis on the programs as both vehicles for research and education. Information is drawn from the 1987-l988 peace studies curricular the author surveyed with the assistance of the Canadian Government. The strength of Canadian peace studies rests with the vigorous, grassroots-level activities that have enabled the programs to bloom in their present diversity. This is a characteristic feature of peace studies in Canada, as is the successful fusion and active interchange between peace research institutes in and out of universities and a variety of peace groups and campaigns by citizens and non-governmental circles. Peace studies are most advanced in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. According to the 1987 Curriculum Guide published by the Association of Canadian Community Colleges, courses in peace studies are offered at 19 institutions, including universities. Several of the programs have distinctive characteristics. For example, the peace studies lectures given at the University of British Columbia cover a wide range of topics concerning war studies and nuclear problems. The University of Waterloo offers peace studies programs linking research, lectures, and community education in the framework of Third World issues and resolving conflict on the community and family levels. The Science for Peace College in the Univertity of Toronto, being the newest among the peace studies institutions in Canada, is a network-type organization for research and education. The University of Laval offers courses for peace studies in Quebec City and its environs, while its counterparts in the Montreal area are McGill University and the University of Montreal. All these programs are staffed by scholars of world fame and have the potential to further develop their research and educational endeavors. Besides university programs, there are organizations and citizens' movements engaged in peace studies and campaigns. They are larger in number than the universities' peace research institutes and are mutually complementary with the latter. Among the leading organizations are the Peace Research Institute Dundas, the Canadian Peace and Security Research Institute, and the Canadian Arms Control and Disarmament Center. In Ottawa, Group 78 brings together citizens from all strata of society, and aims at formulating the "ideal" Canadian foreign policy for the 2lst century. In Montreal, the Development and Peace group, a Catholic Church-affiliated nonprofit organization, spent, in 1985, 83.5 percent of its funds for community development in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, 10 percent for education projects, and the remaining 6.5 percent went to cover the organization's expenses. Part of these funds come from the Canadian International Development Agency, which offers government development assistance funds to private groups on the basis of matching grants. These private and governmental efforts have created a vigorous environment for the pursuit of peace studies. Canadian university peace studies programs have thus developed steadily, maintaining a sound balance between research and education, and complimentary relations with citizen movements.
- 上智大学の論文
- 1989-10-30