女性の集中=再分配
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概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
The dispute between Levi-Strauss and Leach on the structural implications of cross-cousin marriage has posed the problem how "generalized exchange" is compatible with political hierarchy. In other words, this problem is how we can understand the continuation of the generalized exchange of isogamy to that of anisogamy; hypergamy or hypogamy. Levi-Strauss seems to assert that the generalized exchange of isogamy has a tendency toward rank systems, that is, anisogamy because of its "speculative nature", while Leach objects that the generalized exchange of anisogamy like Kachin marriage system as well as that of isogamy contains the differences of "status" or "prestige" as intangible items which can be exchanged, and the exchange account is balanced by the intangible items, which Levi-Strauss has never recognized. During this dispute, Toichi Mabuchi distinguished between two types of generalized exchange from the point of "ritual predominance" over the relatives by marriage. That is, he makes a distinction between "the Indonesian type" in which wife-givers are ritually predominant over wife-takers, and "the Oceanian type" in which sisters and their offsprings are ritually predominant over their brothers' families. And recently, Chizuko Ueno suggested that the generalized exchange of hypergamy had a connection with the "ritual predominance of sisters". This suggestion leads to the correspondence of the generalized exchange of isogamy and the Indonesian type, and that of the generalized exchange of hypergamy and the Oceanian type. Referring to these discussions, this paper aims to answer the question why not hypogamy but hypergamy is common in kingdoms in spite of the predominance of wife-givers in the generalized exchange of isogamy. And we reach the conclusion that the generalized exchange of anisogamy is produced by distribution of women or bridewealth, and that it is " total distribution system" that generates kingship.
- 桃山学院大学の論文
- 1990-03-01