プラウトゥス Trinummus における道徳的主題について : 喜劇的効果を上げる fides と amicitia
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概要
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この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。The Trinummus of Plautus contains considerable moralizing on virtue, and hence it is often considered as a boring play. This paper explores the uses of the traditional virtues, especially fides (faith, loyalty) and amicitia (friendship), are used for comic effect as well. Stasimus, a slave of Charmides and Lesbonicus, doubts the honesty of Callicles, a friend of Charmides, and contrasts his own loyalty to his master with Callicles' supposed treachery to Channides (600-1, 611-621). He drives Charmides to despair by informing him of the betrayal of Callicles (1077-93). Thus, the misjudged fides and amicitia of Callicles (cf. 1110-3) provides humor. Therefore, it is likely that fides and amicitia are also related to some other comical scenes in the Trinummus . The dialogue between Stasimus and Philto (516-59) is one of the most amusing scenes in the play. The young master Lesbonicus assents to give his sister to Philto's son in maniage, and insists that he should offer his farm as a dowry. Stasimus attempts to persuade Philto to reject the farm by audacious fictions. Lesbonicus' aside, in which he mentions Stasimus' Ioyalty (528 mi infidelis non est) , is inscrted for comic effect. Lesbonicus does not know that Stasimus is acting against his will. However, Stasimus is really loyal to his master, since he tries to protect the property, the only remaining source of income (512-4, 561). However, the attempt here is irrelevant, because Philto has no mind to accept a dowry (499, 511). It is the pointless fides of Stasimus that provides amusement. The dialogue between the swindler and Charmides (871-997) is generally ecognized as the funniest scene in the play. The swindler, hired to bring Lesbonicus forged letters from Charmides, meets Charmides himself. He asserts that Charmides is his friend (895 amicus), without knowing that the man he is talking to is Charmides. Moreover, he forgets the name of Charmides. He gets irritated, and abuses Charmides (923, 925, 926-7), who is supposed to be absent. Charmides tells him not to speak ill of a friend (924, 926 amico). The point of the whole scene is that the swindler is mocked by an old man, but there is another twist. Charmides, unwilling to disclose his identity, cannot censure the swindler directly, and he is forced to speak in a roundabout way. The fictitious amicitia that the swindler claims arouses laughter. The monologue of Stasimus about mores (1028-58) is a parody of serious observations on morality of other characters. A long lamentation over moral decay is comical from the mouth of a drunken slave, and it contains sheer nonsense (1039-40). Moreover, his motive for it is a betrayal of his friend (1050-6). Fides and amicitia are also related to this scene (1048 fidem, 1052, 1054, 1056 amicum). To sum up, in the Trinummus, while the true fides and amicitia of Callicles is highly praised (1125-6), the pointless fides of Stasimus and the fictitious amicitia of the swindler are used for comic effect.
- 1995-03-31