教育改革 : 根本的な変革を
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概要
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The Japanese educational system, based on teaching traditions that date back centuries, is now undergoing extensive reforms. The goals of the educational reforms at the university undergraduate level are to improve the quality of education and to encourage students to learn and think for themselves. This will require fundamental changes in teaching and learning, and an understanding of some of the factors that contribute to low motivation and underachievement at the university undergraduate level. Traditionally, the Japanese educational system has been teacher-centered with an emphasis on test training and structural teaching approaches. Passing university entrance examinations has been the major motivational factor for learning and once this goal is attained, the goal of education shifts from academic achievement to the development of social skills. Job training begins once a graduate is hired. As a result, students seem to have little incentive to achieve academically and expectations are low as well. In addition to low motivation, there are other factors that are contributing to underachievement. These are physiological factors that inhibit learning and include poor nutrition, inadequate fluid intake, and sleep deprivation. Poor study habits also contribute to the problem of underachievement and undermine the students' opportunity to become lifelong learners. Administrative efforts alone will not raise the level of academic achievement. Education must be viewed as a lifelong process and students must learn to take responsibility for their own learning in order to be prepared for a constantly changing, highly technical, workplace environment.
- 2003-03-30