環境問題をめぐる欧州地域協力枠組みの歴史的展開
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概要
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Historical Development of Regional Cooperative Frameworks on Environment of Europe This paper explores how regional cooperation on environmental matters in Europe has been developed and why they are useful. In order to investigate into this question, the paper outlines historical development of regional cooperative framework for environmental protection in Europe in a broad perspective. The basic observation is that making regional framework regarding the environment started in the 1960s-70s, basically in order to respond to transboundary-natured issues including international rivers, enclosed waters and transboundary air pollution (acid rain). It was also made clear that successful institutionalization of these frameworks was attributing not only to environmental factors but also to geo-political factors such as detente. It was in the 1980s when EU developed its comprehensive and multi-layered structure of environmental protection. The driving force of creating such environmental framework was a regulatory integration activities associated with economic integration in the early stage, but later on, EU introduced more strategic viewpoint to framework making, incorporating the environmental concerns into economy. These frameworks are further strengthened by new trends of environmental-framework making outside the EU in the 1990s, such as the Aarhus Convention created in 1999, which guarantees the right of every citizens to access information, public participation and access to justice in environmental matters.
- 宇都宮大学の論文
- 2004-03-01
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