パキスタンにおける都市化と民族問題 : カラーチーの「ムハージル」を中心にして(文化編)
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概要
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As a result of the two general elections held in 1988 and 1990, the Muhajir Qaumi Movement, a regional political party formed in Karach in 1984, emerged as the third poltical force of Pakistan, next to the mutually contending alliances, the Islami Jamhuri Ittihad (Islamic Democratic Alliance, currently governing Pakistan) and the People's Democratic Alliance. It almost monopolised the Urdu-speaking Muhajir vote in Karachi which had thitherto been a stronghold of the Jamaat-i-Islami. One of the reasons for the MQM's success in the elections lies in its emphasis on the rights of the Muhajirs as one of the five nationalities, but an "alienated" one, of Pakistan. This has caused different responses and reactions among non-Muhajir people from those among the Muhajirs because it is commonly known that the Muhajirs, whose considerable portion still belongs to the upper section of society, used to be ardent proponents of "Muslim nationalism" in Pakistan. This paper attempts to shed analytical light on the socio-economic and political factors leading to the radical change in the political consciousness of the Muhajirs from "Muslim nationalism" to "Muhajir nationalism", with particular reference to urbanisation in multi-national Pakistan. The rise of the MQM and "Muhajir nationalism" in Sindh can well be understood through taking into consideration both the worsening urban problems in Karachi and the declining socio-economic and political positon of the Muhajirs in Pakistan especially under the military rule by Zia-ul-Haq. The rise of "Muhajir nationalism" has been coincident with the intensification of ethnic conflicts, resulting directly or indirectly in the deterioration of law and order situation in Sindh, which reveals the existence of the intractable problem of national integration in Pakistan.
- 大阪外国語大学の論文
- 1991-12-15