Wilhelm Ostwald et la definition des acides et des bases

概要

論文の詳細を見る
Nowadays we speak of Arrhenius' theory of acids and bases in chemistry. But if we look for that theory in the writings of Arrhenius, we cannot find it. It is, in reality, Ostwald who, in 1894, first proposed what is called "Arrhenius' theory". After reading Arrhenius' paper of 1883, Ostwald was still sceptical about the idea of ionic dissociation which Arrhenius did not mention explicitly. Nevertheless, he was pleased to learn of Arrhenius' study because he had been working since 1877 on a similar subject, the study of the affinity of acids and bases. He was at last persuaded of the truth of Arrhenius' theory of free ions after Arrhenius found a proof of it in van't Hoff's study of osmotic pressure in 1887. Ostwald applied it to the explanation of the chemical processes of the neutralization of acids and bases. Generalizing it and considering all chemical processes in chemical analysis as reactions between free ions, he wrote a textbook on analytical chemistry. It was this teaching character of the 1894 text that obliged Ostwald to give in it a definition of acids and bases. Arrhenius, who unlike Ostwald was not a great writer of textbooks, did not find it necessary to give a definition of acids and bases, although he had the same concept of it as that of Ostwald.
明治大学の論文