La ChalotaisとCondorcet : フランス革命教育史にみる国民教育の問題
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概要
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We know that a significance of the French Revolution has been highly esteemed as a famous and a typical sample of a democratic revolution in the history. Besides, the Revolution records the splendid achievements in the history of education by its results on education. Especially, the systematic organisation of national education was one of the main thema of the Revolution. The national education, here, means that the secular national sovereign has an educational supremacy, all people in the state are educated according with the purposes and the contents of education made up by the state, and also the education is organised, enforced and administrated by the state. This treatise aims to make clear the conditions of the realization, especially, the essential characters of the national education in the period of the French Revolution. Besides, it aimes to understand the meaning of the period of the French Revolution in the history of education. For this purpose, I tried to treat the plans on national education of La Chalotais (Louis-Rene de Caradeuc de, 1701-85) and of Condorcet (Jean-Antoine-Nicolas Caritat, marquis de, 1748-94). Because, they were not only the representative educational philosophers, but also their ideas of national education were typical samples which showed complete contrast among many educational plans in the period of the French Revolution. La Chalotais was the leading spirit of the Educational Revolution in 1762, which excluded the Jesuit. This event meant the victory of the nationalism of secular state sovereign against the ultramontanism of the ecclesiastical authorities, and as a result of this event, for the first time, the secular sovereign of France took the educational supremacy On account of this fact, the event 'Exclusion of the Jesuit' is called the Educational Revolution. Thus, we can say here that the Educational Revolution anticipated a modernizaton of education, and prepared the essential conditions for the organisation of national education in France. And so, the discussion abo