スコットランド議会と政治変革
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概要
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On September 11th 1997, the people of Scotland voted in a referendum to re-establish a parliament in Scotland after a gap of nearly 300 years. Ever since the incorporating union of Scotland and England in 1707, there has been a Scottish national movement of some sort. With the growth of Scottish nationalism in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Scottish writers of the early eighteenth century were recalled. While the urban regions voted 'Yes', rural ones voted 'No' in the referendum in 1979. The failure of its referendum and the election of the Thatcher Tory Party marked a nadir in the fortunes of the home rule cause but, from those same ashes, the Scottish Constitutional Convention was established in 1989 with representatives from the Scottish Labour Party and the Scottish Liberal Democrats together with members from a broad range of organisations that make up Scottish civil society. Women's groups were also represented in the Convention. New networks and coalitions forged between women both inside and outside the political parties. The parties agreed to accept the principle that there should be an equal number of male and women as members of the first Scottish Parliament. The Labour Party has adopted a twinning system. It intends the twin constituencies so that both men and women can complete for selection as candidates for a pair of parliamentary seats. 1999 was a crucial year for women in Scottish Politics with the result of substantially higher representation in the new Scottish parliament. Scotland elected the third highest percentage for women to parliament in the world. The new parliament will be a model where power is shared between the parliament and the people of Scotland, with an emphasis upon public access and the new committee structure etc. This paper examines the process by which the Scottish Parliament came to be re-established and reconsiders the significance of it. I will place the union and devolution in Scotland in the context of the history since the 18th century and the campaign for constitutional change after the late 1980s, and examine the way especially in which the tactics of gender have been employed to keep the issue of women's representation high on the political agenda in Scotland, in the run-up to the 1997 general election, in the referendum campaign and in the election for the Scottish Parliament which followed.
- 島根県立大学の論文
- 2001-03-31