サブボレアル期中葉 (紀元前2.1-1.6千暦年) の古気温と諸文化-完新世の人類学 (7)
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The 2.1-1.6ka B. C. period was dominated by oscilating low temperature, although ended by the warm 17c. B. C.. The coolness facilitated the dynastic restorations in Egypt and Mesopotamia, the terminal amerioration renewing their intermediate disunities of which severity was reduced by date palm and newly introduced sorghum (both irrigated). The African millet, supplying ovine summer green fodder originally absent in the ancient agriculture, contributed to the Babylonian wool industry revolution. Early coastal mediterranean farms ran unsteadily sporadically striken by serious soil diseases prevalent on the way of microbiotic succession toward artificial grassland flora. All over the circumediterranean areas bronze tools came into use except in the far north and south fringes. In northern Iran, North Asia and Central Asia the deterioration caused general stagnation. The northern steppe of the last area discharged unproportional number of immigrants, whose eastern group established the ancient civilization ruling the Chinese Neolithic natives. The survived Indus cities, after the hypothermal revitalization, began the final hypsithermal decline since the end of this period. East Asian southward immigrants brought the higher neolithic technologies into Southeast Asia. Taiwanese neolithic settlers emigrated to the uninhabited Micronesian islands via the tropical farwestern Pacific route in the semiglacial century. Early preclassic sites were formed in nuclear Americas. Three themes are discussed. Internal water supplied (i) the most important life sites in close woodlands, (ii) drift woods, the main ligneous resource of early peoples, (iii) urban consumables, especially staple by burge transport and (iv) irrigation water only in a few civilizations. Farms and isolated homesteads were the basic elements of the premodern landscape. Primeval woods were not felled by polished stone axes.
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