わが国における〈持続可能な発展〉のための戦略と指標の初歩的研究
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概要
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Recently more and more people have put much emphasis on the idea of sustainable development in the world. One of the first occasions to have informed the importance of the idea of sustainable development was a famous report titled Our Common Future, which was published by the World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987. This report indeed advocated the idea to the general public. In 1992, the UN Conference on Environment and Development organised a conference in Rio de Janeiro, in which the importance of sustainable development including environment and development was proclaimed. The Agenda 21 adopted in the Conference asked each participating country to adopt its national sustainable development strategy (NSDS). Taking these developments into account, this paper tries to clarify the following aspects: First, the degree and ways of the adoption of NSDSs in the world including Japan; second, sets of indicators proposed and utilised in the development process of NSDSs; and finally the performance of the sustainable development of each country based on the suggested indicator-sets. Obviously sustainable development is equally important both for developed and developing countries. The contents of NSDSs, however, are different to considerable extent in both types of countries. This paper mainly considers the case of developed countries, Japan in particular. The basic findings of this paper concerning the sustainable development performance on the basis of the EU Structural Indicators are as follows: First, the latest environment situation in Japan is better than in the USA and the EU although the degree of improvement is better in the USA and the EU than in Japan; Second, in the sphere of innovation and research, the picture is mixed. Japan is in a better position in research and development expenditure but worse in the expenditure for human resources than the USA and the EU. The degree of improvement in Japan is worse in many respects in this area; Third, in the area of economic reform, the overall performance of Japan is worse than that of Europe and America; Fourth, due to lack of internationally available data, no clear-cut conclusions are drawn in the sphere of social cohesion. However, Japan's performance seems less attractive judging from the rate of longterm unemployment, which is the only available information in this area within the framework of the Structural Indicators; Finally, in the area of environment, overall assessment judged by four indicators is that Japan's performance is the most excellent in the three region/countries The findings of this paper are rather modest due to lack of relevant data and materials. Nevertheless, this paper suggests a way to observe a sustainable development of a country based on a comprehensive set of indicators which have been fairly neglected so far. It is quite obvious that the importance of sustainable development will increase in the future. Therefore, it is of some significance that this paper hints a future direction of research on the sustainable development based on comprehensive sets of indicators and sustainable development policies.
- 東海大学の論文
- 2005-03-30
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