Challenge of Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries : What Should We learn from Experience in Kathmandu, Nepal?(Engineering)

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In order to ensure an overall aid package for developing countries (DC) effectively under difficult conditions, it is necessary to enhance the quality of each project. In this paper, we consider the German aid project as a case study on the problem of solid waste management (SWM) in Kathmandu, Nepal, and we analyze why the project failed to achieve sustainability. This study discusses important aspects for improving the problem in DC. We discuss the appropriateness of the project from three points of view. It is suggested that the German project was not adequate for the situation in Kathmandu. This suggestion is very important because it is generally believed that, even today, there is a considerable number of aid projects not based on the notion of appropriateness, though it may not be possible to avoid the fact that the German project, having started more than 20 years ago, did not give much attention to this aspect. It is necessary for institutional and financial arrangements to be appropriate and suitable for the peculiar local conditions in DC. Otherwise, a project will not be conducive to sustainable SWM. Next, we discuss three issues with respect to aid recipients. First, it is suggested that without partnership and ownership on the part of aid recipients, aid projects will not succeed. Second, the priority of each project is put on counter measures, resulting in a lack of attention being paid to preventative measures. Sustainable SWM would be almost impossible without preventative measures, since the rising tendency of municipal solid waste generation will continue in the future. Third, it was not enough to make citizens aware of the problem and to enlighten them, though the project partially involved an awareness program. This case shows that temporary measures are not enough to change the citizens' behavior. It is needless to mention that the purpose of donors' aid projects is to assist in the "capacity building" of aid recipients. However, to date, not all aid projects have been conducted according to this principle. Donors must provide assistance with a long-term perspective if they truly wish to facilitate capacity building. For its sake, the evaluation of each SWM aid project must be conducted with a long-term point of view.
舞鶴工業高等専門学校の論文
2004-03-10

Challenge of Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries : What Should We learn from Experience in Kathmandu, Nepal?(Engineering)

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