An examination of cancer antigen coagulant cancer antigen-1 (CCA-1) in bladder cancer

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The value of coagulant cancer antigen-1 (CCA-1) as a urinary marker of bladder cancer and as an indicator of the prognosis of carcinoma in situ of the bladder (bladder CIS) was examined. CCA-1 was detected in 83.3% of patients with bladder cancer by immunohistochemical staining. It was found in at least 70.0% of patients with any grade or any histopathological stage. The urinary CCA-1 titer was 0.035±0.023 in the bladder cancer group, which was significantly higher than in the normal control group (0.0035 ± 0.002) or in the benign urologic disease group (0.0067 ±0.003). When the mean +3SD for the normal control group (0.0095) was used as the cut-off value for CCA-1, the urinary CCA-1 positive rate was 76.5% in the bladder cancer group versus 15.4% in the benign disease group. Since hematuria was observed in the patients with CCA-1-positive benign diseases, its effect could not be ignored. By immunohistochemically researching of samples from patients with bladder CIS for both CCA-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), it became the evidence that patients with tumors positive for both antigens had a 5-year survival rate of 22.2%, while those with tumors negative for either or both of the antigens had a survival rate of 83.3%. There was a significant difference between the two groups. In conclusion, CCA-1 may be a useful urinary marker for bladder cancer and one of the prognostic indicators of bladder CIS.
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