FAILURE AND DEFORMATION OF SAND IN TORSIONAL SHEAR

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The deformation and strength characteristics of sand was studied by means of the torsional shear tests on hollow cylindrical samples with a height of 20 cm, an outer radius of 5 cm and an inner radius of 3 cm. It was found that in order to obtain accurate results it is essential both to very precisely measure the axial load, the torque and the effective confining pressure σ_c' and to correct measured stress values for the membrane forces. The methods for this purpose are described in detail. Each test was performed at a constant confining stress σ_c' between 0.3〜2.0 kgf/cm^2 (29.4〜196.2 kN/m^2) and σ_3' at failure ranged between 0.08〜0.75 kgf/cm^2 (7.9〜73.7 kN/m^2).It was found by measuring local strain distributions throughout the sample height that the deformation is rather uniform when shear distortion γ_<at> is less than approximately 5%. Correspondingly the pre-peak stress ratio-strain relationship is rather independent of σ_c' or σ_3'. It was also found that with increasing σ_c' a shear band or shear bands start to appear at a smaller γ_<at> and the degree of post-peak strain softening becomes more pronounced. The dependency of ψ on σ_3' in the torsional shear tests for the range of σ_3' in this study was found small as well as in the triaxial and plane strain compression tests. A tendency was obtained that the value of ψ is slightly influenced by the deformation pattern at failure.The pre-peak stress and strain relationship by the torsional shear test was found similar to that by the plane strain compression test under similar values of b=(σ_2'-σ_3')/(σ_1'-σ_3') and the angle of bedding plane σ to the σ_1'-direction. The value of ψ by the torsional shear test was found slightly larger than or similar to the value of ψ by the plane strain compression test under similar values of b and δ depending on the stress level at which the value of ψ is compared.
社団法人地盤工学会の論文
1986-12-15

FAILURE AND DEFORMATION OF SAND IN TORSIONAL SHEAR

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