On the Effects of Sea Bottom Conditions upon Wave-Making Resistance

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Theoretical researches in Wave-making resistance, especially on the effects of shallow water, have been conducted by Dr. T. H. Havelock, Prof. S. Sezawa, and Dr. M. Kinoshita for the last early thirty years. In this papers, they deal with the relations between ship's resistance and the depth of sea with perfect solid bottom. However, the actual sea bottom is by no means perfect solid, but is covered with mud, sand and various seaweeds. Therefore, it is necessary to make a study how the ship's resistance will vary according to the conditions of the sea bottom. The principal object of this paper is to analyse these relations and indicate how the effects of shallow water will vary according to the conditions of the sea bottom. The writer has computed the wave-making resistance of the sphere moving forward at a certain speed in the fluid of finite depth with a certain density, superposed on the fluid of finite depth with another density, and obtained somewhat different results from the effects of perfect shallow water.
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