5. On the Characteristics of Water Impact Pressures Acting on a Hull Surface Among Waves

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In the previous paper, very violent impact pressure on stem were measured by the experiments in high transient water waves. In this paper, the authors continued the experiments in order to take a somewhat closer look at some aspects of water impact to clarify the roles of certain mechanisms. Both the impact on stem in full load condition and the impact on bottom in the ballast condition were investigated. Ship model was equipped with relative wave surface probe, so the relative velocity and angle between hull and wave surface were obtained. The following conclusions can be deduced from these studies: 1) Large impact pressures acting on a hull surface can be explained by the fundamental natures that are taken by theories and experiments of the drop of the two dimensional body or the breaking waves on the vertical wall. 2) The maximum value of impact pressure, P_I, is considered to be proportional to square of relative velocity, V_n, and the coefficient of impact pressure, C=P_I/1/2ρV_n^2, reaches 48 to 66 at the bottom, 17 at the stem. 3) When the relative angle between hull and wave surface at the moment of impact, β, is large, the coefficient C tends to be proportional to the square of cot β as the Wagner's theory. As decreases, it comes to be proportional to cot β as the Chuang's experiments. 4) When air is entrapped, large impact pressure occures, but at the stem air is hardly entrapped because of its shape.
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5. On the Characteristics of Water Impact Pressures Acting on a Hull Surface Among Waves

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