抗フィラリア剤実験のために用いるイエダニに対する各種殺虫剤の効力

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A series of experiments were carried out on the effects of some insecticides on the tropical rat mite, Ornithonyssus bacoti, in the laboratory for the screening tests of antifilarial drugs using the cotton rat filaria, Litomosoides carinii. For this purpose, it is necessary to breed large numbers of the mite in the laboratory to serve them as the intermediate host, but on the other hand, it is also important to get rid of the mite from the animal room to avoid spontaneous infection of the animals. As preliminary experiments to find out the effects of insecticides under simulated conditions, cotton, wirescreen and the cotton rat's body surface were treated with 0.3, 0.1, 0.03, 0.01 and 0.003 percent emulsion in water of the five insecticides, malathion, fenitrothion (Sumithion), diazinone, dichlorvos (DDVP) and lindane. Certain numbers of the mite were released on these materials treated under various conditions, and the mortality after one to 24 hours were recorded. Among the insecticides thus tested, fenitrothion and diazinone were the most effective, and nearly 100 percent mortality was seen even at the lowest concentration of 0.003 percent, while the other two organophosphorous insecticides, malathion and dichlorvos were effective up to 0.01 or 0.03 percent. No satisfactory effect were seen for lindane even at the highest concentration of 0.3 percent. At applications on the cotton rat's body, some toxic effects were seen in diazinone, dichlorvos and lindane. The residual effects of the insecticides were also tested at various time intervals from applications of 0.03 percent emulsions on various materials. In general, the longest effects were observed for all the insecticides when cotton was used as the substratum, and nearly 100 percent mortality was seen even after 32 days in fenitrothion, malathion and diazinone, while the effects were shorter when the insecticides were applied on wirescreen. The effects of the insecticides applied on the cotton rat's body surface were much shorter, and were found to be lost almost completely after 8 days of the application for all the insecticides. Among the insecticides tested, fenitrothion showed the longest residual effects in all the cases, and malathion was the next in the order. In the practical use of insecticides for the control of the tropical rat mite in animal houses, spray of 0.01 percent emulsion of fenitrothion or malathion on animal cages gave satisfactory results, and no toxic effects were seen in the animals. In general, fenitrothion is considered to be the choice because of its higher effectiveness, longer residual effects and lower toxicity. However, in our special animal rooms in which the rats are used repeatedly as the hosts for the mites, malathion has been used to remove the mites from animal cages for the sake of safety for the following biting experiments, since the compound has shorter residual effects than fenitrothion.
日本衛生動物学会の論文
1969-03-31

抗フィラリア剤実験のために用いるイエダニに対する各種殺虫剤の効力

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