科学技術における「日本問題」の科学社会学的考察 : 文化としての科学技術(<特集>科学技術の社会科学的研究)

概要

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This paper attempts to critically examine the "Japan Problem" in science and technology (abbreviated "Japan Problem" below") from the viewpoint of the sociology of science. "Japan Problem" contains at least 3 aspects; national policy, R&D management and culture. This paper particularly elucidates how the cultural aspect of "Japan Problem" manifests itself, by means of constructivism in the sociology of science. This paper argues that a couple of mechanisms are working behind the cultural aspect of "Japan Problem". A self-strengthening structure of "Japan Problem", owing to properly mobilizing traditional and modern (or post-modern) elements of Japanese society in formulating "Japan Problem" in abroad, makes it extremely difficult for the Japanese to find unique solution which enables a logically consistent response to the problem on the one hand; the linear model in relating the performance of science, technology and economy, together with the relative dissatisfaction of foreign countries with their economic performance, trigger off the potential "Japan Problem" under the self-strengthening structure, on the other hand. Policy implications shall be suggested with respect to how should basic research be placed within Japanese culture, based upon a couple of the mechanisms mentioned above through which "Japan Problem" is supposed to manifest itself.
研究・技術計画学会の論文
1994-09-30