メガサイエンスにおける国際協力について(<特集>研究・技術政策の国際的展開)
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概要
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This article describes various problems in pushing forward with scientific research projects and programs which are difficult to carry out by a single country and require, therefore, cooperation among developed countries, in other words "mega-science" projects, by discussing the case of high energy physics. "Mega-science" falls mainly into two categories: "mega-science projects" that require cooperation in shifting facilities and large and expensive equipment, and "mega-science programs" that require cooperation because the research in question covers many disciplines or because the research subject cover large geographic regions. Most of mega-science projects have started with agreements at an international organization or between governments; most of mega-science programs have started with arrangements between research institutes. First, with regard to mega-science projects, the parties concerned often face problems concerning sharing of the expenses or selection of the location of research facilities. Second, with view to management, the author remarks that it is important how the decision-making system reflects the contribution by each participating country, such as the one-state-one-vote system or the system allocating votes in accordance with the share of expenses assumed. Third, the problem of securing stable income for running the mega-science projects is generally difficult to solve because government systems and mechanisms of formulating the governmental budgets differ among countries and because some countries participating in the projects face governmental changes or sudden changes in their economies and finances. Fourth, the main difficulty lies in allocating the contracts for building large-scale research facilities. There are two systems for allocating the contractrs to countries, each with merits and demeris: leaving them to free competition under the international market, and apportioning them in accordance with the share of expenses assumed. To promote mega-science in the United States, the report "Science & Technology, and the Federal Government" proposes that they be judged to which of the two types of mega-science field it falls: a field where it is enough for the United States to be one of the leaders in the world, or a field where the United States should seek definite leadership. The committee for Science and Technology Policy (CSTP) of the OECD has recently started discussions on furthering future international cooperation of science and technology. The author expects that the CSPT will play an important role in devising guidelines for international cooperation in science and technology.
- 研究・技術計画学会の論文
- 1994-06-30