有機燐剤DDVPの毒性に関する研究
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概要
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DDVP (dimethyl-dichlorovinyl phosphate) has been introduced into the sanitation field for mosquito and fly control. As the mass control method, its use in the form of aerosol by fogging machines has been widely adopted in Japan. Recently the fogging of DDVP indoors in window-closed buildings has become a new procedure for cockroach control in large cities. In this case, the inhalation toxicity will be the keen problem for spraying-workers as compared with that in spraying outdoors. The author tested the inhalation toxicity of DDVP aerosol for mice as reported in part I of present report and the effects of inhalation on the blood cholinesterase (ChE) in actual indoor fogging are reported in part 2. Part 1 The LC_<50> of DDVP for mice in inhalating aerosol for four hours was found to be 310 mg/m^3 in air. When the mice died during the experiment, ChE of brain was reduced to one-fourth of the normal level. Oximes such as 2-PAM or PAD were also effective for preventing poisoning. The concentration of 2-PAM necessary for reactivation in vitro of completely inhibited brain ChE was 10^<-4> Mol. Rabbits were less resistant for inhalation test, at the lower concenration than mice LC_<50> (being just equivalent to 70% of the latter) almost of all rabbits were dead. In that case the whole blood ChE was reduced to around 50% of the initial level. Part 2 Effects of fogging of DDVP oil solution were checked in four actual procedures, using 0.3 or 0.6% solution. Number of subjects were from four to eight, actual spraying hours were in the range from 8 minutes to 8 hours according to the size of buildings. Subjective complains were irritations in the conjunctiva, pharyngo-laryngeal pain, particulary in swallowing. These complains were likely to be caused by kerosene used as solvent and probably not by DDVP. Drop of ChE following the shorter work was negligible. Even in 8 hours' spraying the heaviest drop of plasma ChE was 25% to 30%, but that of red cell ChE remained within 7%, usually only 2∼3%. Among occupational sprayers engaged once or twice in a week in indoor spraying, no trend of decrease in the blood ChE was found.
- 社団法人日本産業衛生学会の論文
- 1962-07-20