Dissociation of Cortical Cell Walls and Enhancement of Cellulase Activity during the Emergence of Callus from Rice Roots in the Presence of 2,4-D

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The separation of cortical cells from root explants of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Sasanishiki) was stimulated by 2,4-D and both the plastic and the elastic properties of cell walls increased during the formation of callus. These events, in particular, the separation of cortical cells, may be important for the generation of clumps of callus cells that are initiated at the interior of root tissues, specifically around the vessels. Buffer-soluble cellulase activity was significantly enhanced by treatment with 2,4-D (6- to 10-fold) at the early stage of formation of root callus (1-2 days after the start of treatment with 2,4-D). The optimum concentration of 2,4-D and time course studies indicated that this enhacement was correlated with and preceded both the separation of cortical cells and loosening of the cell wall. The enhancement of cellulase activity by 2,4-D in rice is the such first finding in a monocot.